[C++ TB code] Upgrade C++ standard used. Clean up Makefile layout.
Created by: zchamski
This PR uniformizes the handling of command line options that select the C++ standard used for compiling C++ code of the testbench. With the upcoming upgrade of Spike (vendorization + update to latest upstream), the systematic use of C++ 2017 standard throughout the CVA6 project becomes mandatory.
- Makefile (CFLAGS): Use C++ 2017 standard. Fix whitespace.
- (src): Fix whitespace.
- ($(dpi-library)/%.o): Do not add another (potentially conflicting) C++ standard option.
- ariane.core (verilator_options): Use C++ 2017 standard.