.gitlab-ci: Re-disable linux jobs and fix inheritance

With clang jobs introduced in main (oniro) project the CI of
meta-zephyr was broken. There were few reasons:
- jobs changed names
- some clang jobs have set when: manual via .broken template
Workaround  both issue with explicitly disabling jobs which inherit .broken
templates and change rules of overridden workspace to not run linux and
freertos jobs.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Zhukov <pavel.zhukov@huawei.com>